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Python Booleans

In Python, Booleans represent one of the simplest yet most powerful data types. A Boolean value can be True or False, and it is heavily used in decision-making, conditions, loops, and logic building.

This topic moves from basics to hard & tricky concepts, exactly how it appears in real coding and interviews.

What Are Booleans in Python?

Booleans represent truth values.

python

x = True
y = False

print(x)
print(y)

python

print(type(True))
print(type(False))

Boolean Values from Comparisons

Booleans are often the result of comparison operators.

python

print(10 > 5)

python

print(10 == 5)

python

print(10 != 5)

Comparison Operators

Operator	Meaning
`==`	Equal
`!=`	Not equal
`>`	Greater than
`<`	Less than
`>=`	Greater than or equal
`<=`	Less than or equal

python

a = 10
b = 20

print(a < b)
print(a >= b)
print(a == b)

Boolean in `if` Statements

Booleans control program flow.

python

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("Eligible to vote")

python

is_logged_in = False

if is_logged_in:
    print("Welcome")
else:
    print("Please login")

The `bool()` Function

The bool() function converts values into True or False.

python

print(bool(1))

python

print(bool(0))

python

print(bool("Python"))

python

print(bool(""))

Truthy and Falsy Values (VERY IMPORTANT)

Not everything is explicitly True or False. Some values are considered Falsy, everything else is Truthy.

Falsy Values in Python

False
0
0.0
""
[]
{}
()
None

python

print(bool([]))

python

print(bool({}))

python

print(bool(None))

python

print(bool(" "))

Boolean with Logical Operators

AND (`and`)

Returns True if both are true.

python

print(True and True)

python

print(True and False)

python

print(10 > 5 and 5 > 2)

OR (`or`)

Returns True if any one is true.

python

print(True or False)

python

print(False or False)

python

print(5 > 10 or 10 > 5)

NOT (`not`)

Reverses the Boolean value.

python

print(not True)

python

print(not False)

python

print(not (10 > 5))

Boolean with Non-Boolean Values (TRICKY)

Logical operators return actual values, not always True or False.

python

print(10 and 20)

python

print(0 and 20)

python

print(10 or 20)

python

print("" or "Python")

Hidden Rule

and → returns first falsy value
or → returns first truthy value

Boolean Arithmetic (YES, THIS EXISTS)

Booleans are subclasses of integers.

python

print(True + True)

python

print(True + False)

python

print(False * 10)

python

print(True * 5)

Mind-Blowing Fact

True == 1 and False == 0

Boolean with `is` vs `==` (INTERVIEW LEVEL)

python

a = True
b = True

print(a == b)
print(a is b)

python

x = 1
y = True

print(x == y)
print(x is y)

Important

== → checks value
is → checks memory reference

Boolean from Membership Operators

python

print("a" in "apple")

python

print("z" in "apple")

python

print(3 in [1, 2, 3])

Boolean from Identity Checks

python

x = None

print(x is None)

python

y = []

print(y is [])

python

print(y == [])

Common Boolean Mistakes (VERY COMMON)

Mistake 1: Comparing with `True`

python

if x == True:
    print("Yes")

Correct way:

python

if x:
    print("Yes")

Mistake 2: Using `is` for numbers

python

print(1000 is 1000)

Unreliable behavior ❌

HARD Logical Questions (Practice)

Predict the Output

python

print(bool("False"))

python

print(True == 1)

python

print(False == 0)

python

print(True is 1)

python

print(not not True)

python

print(5 > 3 > 1)

python

print(5 > 3 and 3 > 10 or 2 > 1)

Summary

Booleans store True or False
Comparisons always return Booleans
Truthy/Falsy values are crucial
and, or, not have special behavior
Booleans behave like integers
is vs == is critical
Booleans are everywhere in Python logic

Exercise (Hard)

Check if a list is empty using Boolean logic
Write a condition that returns True only if a number is between 10 and 20
Predict output of a chained comparison
Explain why bool("False") is True