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Python Numbers

Python supports numeric data types to store numbers and perform mathematical operations. These numeric types are simple to use and automatically assigned when you give a value to a variable.
There are three numeric types in Python:
  • int
  • float
  • complex
Variables of numeric types are created when you assign a value to them.
python
x = 10
y = 10.5
z = 2 + 3j

Integer (int)

The int type is used to store whole numbers, positive or negative, without decimals.
python
x = 10
print(type(x))
python
y = -50
print(y)
python
z = 123456
print(z)

Float (float)

The float type is used to store numbers with decimal points.
python
x = 10.5
print(type(x))
python
y = 3.14
print(y)
python
z = -0.75
print(z)

Complex Numbers (complex)

Complex numbers are written with a real part and an imaginary part. The imaginary part is written using j.
python
x = 3 + 5j
print(type(x))
python
y = complex(2, 4)
print(y)
python
z = 5j
print(z)

Access Real and Imaginary Parts

python
x = 4 + 6j
print(x.real)
print(x.imag)

Type Conversion (Casting Numbers)

Python allows converting one numeric type into another using casting functions.

Convert to Integer

python
x = int(9.8)
print(x)
python
y = int("100")
print(y)
python
z = int(5.0)
print(z)

Convert to Float

python
x = float(10)
print(x)
python
y = float("3.14")
print(y)
python
z = float(7)
print(z)

Convert to Complex

python
x = complex(5)
print(x)
python
y = complex(2, 3)
print(y)
python
z = complex("4+6j")
print(z)
Important
  • You cannot convert a complex number into int or float

Random Number

Python has a built-in module called random to generate random numbers.
To use it, you must import the module first.
python
import random

Generate a Random Integer

python
import random

print(random.randint(1, 10))
python
print(random.randint(100, 200))
python
print(random.randint(0, 5))

Generate a Random Float

python
import random

print(random.random())
python
print(random.uniform(1.5, 5.5))
python
print(random.uniform(0, 1))

Choose a Random Value from a List

python
import random

numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]
print(random.choice(numbers))
python
names = ["Python", "Java", "C++"]
print(random.choice(names))
python
colors = ["red", "green", "blue"]
print(random.choice(colors))

Check Numeric Type

You can use type() to check the numeric data type.
python
x = 10
print(type(x))
python
y = 10.5
print(type(y))
python
z = 2 + 3j
print(type(z))

Summary

  • Python has three numeric types: int, float, and complex
  • Numeric variables are created when values are assigned
  • Type conversion allows changing numeric types
  • Complex numbers use j for the imaginary part
  • The random module is used to generate random numbers
  • type() checks the numeric data type

Exercise

  • Create one variable of each numeric type
  • Convert an integer to float and complex
  • Generate a random number between 1 and 100
  • Print the real and imaginary part of a complex number