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Python Data Types

In Python, data types define the type of data a variable can store. Python automatically assigns a data type when a value is assigned to a variable.
Understanding data types is essential for writing correct, efficient, and error-free programs.

What Are Data Types?

Data types specify:
  • What kind of value a variable holds
  • What operations can be performed on that value
  • How much memory is required
Python is a dynamically typed language, meaning you don’t need to declare the data type explicitly.
python
x = 10        # int
y = 3.14      # float
name = "Py"   # str

Built-in Data Types in Python

Python provides several built-in data types, grouped into categories:
CategoryData Types
Text Typestr
Numeric Typesint, float, complex
Sequence Typeslist, tuple, range
Mapping Typedict
Set Typesset, frozenset
Boolean Typebool
Binary Typesbytes, bytearray, memoryview
None TypeNoneType

Numeric Data Types

Integer (int)

Used to store whole numbers.
python
x = 10
y = -50
print(type(x))
python
count = 100
print(count)

Float (float)

Used to store decimal numbers.
python
price = 99.99
print(type(price))
python
value = 10.5
print(value)

Complex (complex)

Used to store complex numbers.
python
z = 3 + 5j
print(type(z))
python
print(z.real, z.imag)

Text Data Type

String (str)

Used to store text data.
python
name = "Python"
print(type(name))
python
text = 'Hello World'
print(text)

Boolean Data Type

Boolean (bool)

Used to store True or False values.
python
is_active = True
print(type(is_active))
python
print(10 > 5)

Sequence Data Types

List (list)

Used to store multiple values in a single variable. Lists are ordered and mutable.
python
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print(type(numbers))
python
numbers[0] = 10
print(numbers)

Tuple (tuple)

Used to store multiple values. Tuples are ordered but immutable.
python
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
print(type(colors))
python
print(colors[1])

Range (range)

Used to generate a sequence of numbers.
python
nums = range(5)
print(list(nums))
python
print(type(nums))

Mapping Data Type

Dictionary (dict)

Stores data in key-value pairs.
python
student = {"name": "Jayesh", "age": 25}
print(type(student))
python
print(student["name"])

Set Data Types

Set (set)

Stores unique values. Sets are unordered and mutable.
python
items = {1, 2, 3, 3}
print(items)
python
print(type(items))

Frozenset (frozenset)

Immutable version of a set.
python
data = frozenset([1, 2, 3])
print(type(data))

Binary Data Types

Bytes (bytes)

Immutable sequence of bytes.
python
b = bytes(5)
print(b)

Bytearray (bytearray)

Mutable sequence of bytes.
python
ba = bytearray(5)
ba[0] = 100
print(ba)

None Data Type

NoneType

Represents absence of a value.
python
x = None
print(type(x))
python
print(x)

Get the Data Type

Use the type() function to check the data type.
python
x = 10
print(type(x))
python
print(type("Python"))

Dynamic Typing in Python

Python allows changing the data type of a variable at runtime.
python
x = 10
x = "Ten"
print(x)

Summary

  • Data types define the kind of data stored
  • Python assigns data types automatically
  • Supports numeric, text, boolean, sequence, mapping, set, and binary types
  • Use type() to check data type
  • Python is dynamically typed

Exercise

  • Create one variable for each data type
  • Use type() to check them
  • Change a variable’s data type and observe the result