Learn Python match Statement

The match statement is used for pattern matching in Python. It compares a value against multiple patterns and executes the code block of the first matching case.

It is similar to switch in other languages, but more powerful and expressive.

The match statement is available from Python 3.10 onwards.

Basic Syntax of `match`

match starts the comparison
case defines each possible pattern
No break is required
Only the first matching case is executed

Simple Example

Value of day is matched
Case 2 executes

Default Case Using `_`

The underscore _ works as a default case when no pattern matches.

Note

_ is executed only if no other case matches.

`match` with Strings

Multiple Values in One `case`

You can match multiple values using the | operator.

`match` with User Input

`match` with Conditions (Guards)

Guards allow you to add conditions using if.

`match` with Lists and Tuples

Variable Capture in `case`

x captures the value
Always matches, so use carefully

`match` vs `if–elif`

Using `if–elif`

Using `match`

`match` Inside Loop

Common Mistakes with `match`

Using `break` ❌

Missing Indentation ❌

Caution

break is not used inside match cases, and indentation is mandatory.

Real World Example

Real World Scenario

Traffic signal system using match

Exercise

Practice Task

Create a calculator using match
Print month name using month number
Use _ as default case
Use guard conditions with match

Basic Syntax of match

Simple Example

Default Case Using _

match with Strings

Multiple Values in One case

match with User Input

match with Conditions (Guards)

match with Lists and Tuples

Variable Capture in case

match vs if–elif

Using if–elif

Using match

match Inside Loop

Common Mistakes with match

Using break ❌